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怎样预防冠心病
发布时间: 作者: 平台管理
<span id="t" > <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 11.25pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 51pt; tab-stops: list 51.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">1、<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一级预防：主要是通过控制易感因素，从而防止冠状动脉粥样硬化。其采取措施如下：（</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）合理安排饮食，避免肥胖和超重。每天进食的总热量不能过高，一般要求</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁以上老年人，男性</span><span lang="EN-US">2000</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</span><span lang="EN-US">2500</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千卡，女性</span><span lang="EN-US">1700</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</span><span lang="EN-US">2100</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千卡；</span><span lang="EN-US">70</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁以上老年人，男性</span><span lang="EN-US">18002000</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千卡，女性</span><span lang="EN-US">16001800</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千卡；</span><span lang="EN-US">80</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁以上老年人，男性</span><span lang="EN-US">1600</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千卡，女性为</span><span lang="EN-US">1400</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千卡。应选择低脂肪、低胆固醇、富含维生素的食物，限制含糖食物的摄入。（</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）保持血压正常，若出现高血压，应积极采取措施，包括药物及非药物措施，使血压降至正常范围。（</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）参加一定量的体育断粮，促进机体新陈代谢，消耗过多的脂肪，防止肥胖，又可增强心血管系统的调节功能，防止冠心病的发生与发作，入慢跑、散步、练气功、游泳等。（</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）戒烟。（</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）生活起居要有规律，保证充足睡眠，保持心情愉快，避免情绪激动。（</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）积极治疗与冠心病有密切关系的疾病，如高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等。（</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）饮用硬水，软水地区需补充钙、镁等矿物质。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 51pt; tab-stops: list 51.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">2、<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二级预防：目的使在一级预防的基础上防止心绞痛发作和心肌梗死的发生。采取的主要措施有三个方面：</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -47.25pt; margin-left: 101.25pt; tab-stops: list 101.25pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">（1）<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">避免冠心病发作的诱发因素，包括饱餐、过度用力、劳累、暴怒、恐怖、大便干燥、饮酒、大量吸烟、寒冷刺激、性高潮等。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -47.25pt; margin-left: 101.25pt; tab-stops: list 101.25pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">（2）<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服用药物预防。常用的有降血脂药，如藻酸双指钠、力旨平等；抗凝剂，如阿司匹林、潘生丁，以保证正常血压粘稠度；活血化瘀药，如复方丹参片、川芎嗪片等。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -47.25pt; margin-left: 101.25pt; tab-stops: list 101.25pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">（3）<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抓住心肌梗塞前的先兆症状及时处理。心肌梗塞的先兆症状包括：心绞痛发作较前频繁；疼痛持续时间延长、程度加重，休息及含化硝酸甘油后疼痛不能缓解；疼痛时伴恶心、呕吐、有大便感觉者，应即使就医，进一步治疗。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 51pt; tab-stops: list 51.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">3、<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三级预防：其目的使在一、二级预防的基础上，预防心肌梗塞的并发症及预防再梗塞。重点做好饮食调养、体育运动及药物预防。</span></p></span>
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